Battery Type | Maximum Energy Density
Wh/kg |
Maximum Power Density
w/kg |
Operating Temperature | 80% Discharge Cycles Before Replacement | Approximate production cost
$ per kW/h |
Commercial Availability |
Lead Acid | 35 | 150 | ambient | 1000 | 50 | 1997 |
Advanced Lead Acid | 60 | 350 | ambient | 2000 | 150 | 2000 |
Nickel Cadmium | 50 | 200 | ambient | 2000 | 500 | 1997 |
Nickel Metal Hydride | 80 | 200 | ambient | 1200 | 200 | Now |
Sodium Nickel Chloride | 120 | 150 | 300 | > 1200 | 200 | Now |
Lithium Polymer | 155 | 315 | 120 | 300 | 50 | Prototypes |
Aluminium Air | 200 - 300 | 160 | ambient | - | - | Prototypes |
Nickel Iron | 50 | 100 | ambient | 200 | 2000 | 1997 |
Iron Air | 80 - 120 | 90 | - | 500+ | 80 | Prototypes |
Nickel Zinc | 70 | 170 | ambient | 300 | 550 | 2000 |
Sodium Sulphur | 150 | 230 | 350 | 1000 | 450 | 2000 |
Lithium Iron Sulphide | 150 | 300 | 450 | 1000 | 200 | Prototypes |
Lithium Iron Phosphate | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Smith prototypes |
Lithium Ion | 80 - 130 | 200 - 300 | - | 1000+ | 350 | Now |
Zinc Air | 200 | 80 | ambient | 600 | 200 | Prototypes |
Zinc Bromide | 80 | 100 | - | 1000 | 400 | Prototypes |
Vanadium Redox |
20-30 | 110 | 75 - 85 | - | 800 | Prototypes |
Molten Salt |
110 | 125 | 350 | - | - | Prototypes |
Flywheels |
90 | 4000 | Ambient | 1,000,000 | ? | ? |
Supercapacitors |
15 - 50 | 1600-5,000 | Ambient | 1,000,000 | ? | 1997 |
Clockwork |
0.13 | 500 | Ambient | 500 | ? | ? |
© Designed at MIRA with some additions by JACK MOORE.